Rethinking Corrections: Learning from Europe's Approach

The United States corrections system has historically embraced a punitive approach, relying heavily on mass incarceration and traditional prison facilities. However, this aggressive approach hasn’t necessarily had the intended effect and instead seems to negatively impact incarcerated persons and corrections staff, both mentally and physically. Optimal corrections systems align good security practices with effective program strategies.

There is much to learn from the European corrections system, where the emphasis has shifted towards decriminalization, public health improvement, and providing viable alternatives to incarceration. European countries focus on rehabilitation rather than merely punishment, and they recognize the importance of a collaborative approach to garner public support for correctional practices. Many jurisdictions within the United States corrections system have created strategies for collaboration in the same way as Europe and work to develop those practices. Five pieces of evidence support the need to continue to rethink U.S. corrections practices.

Decriminalization and Public Health

One of the key strategies for European correctional philosophy lies in its approach to decriminalization. In Europe, public health interventions are increasingly recognized as a better option than imprisonment for many offenses. By treating drug addiction as a health issue rather than a criminal one, they have reduced the number of incarcerated individuals and alleviated the burden on traditional correctional facilities. As a result, those addicted can receive appropriate treatment interventions to help manage their addiction.

Emphasis on Alternatives to Incarceration

European countries offer a variety of alternatives to incarceration that have been successful in the reduction of recidivism rates. Restorative justice, probation, and community service programs allow incarcerated individuals to remain integrated into society while being held accountable for their actions. One of the benefits of this approach is that it reduces the financial burden on correctional facilities and taxpayers; while fostering a more rehabilitative environment.

Comprehensive Rehabilitation Programs

Correctional facilities in European countries prioritize rehabilitation programs that address the root causes of criminal behavior. These comprehensive programs focus on education, vocational training, mental and medical health support, and social reintegration. As a result, individuals leaving the correctional system have a higher chance of successfully reintegrating into society and leading crime-free lives.

Collaboration with Civic Organizations

European corrections systems actively collaborate with civic organizations, nonprofits, and other stakeholders to ensure a holistic and supportive approach to rehabilitation. By involving community-based organizations and experts in the criminal justice field, they create a network of resources that foster better outcomes for those in the correctional system.

Embracing Diversion and Mental Health Evaluations

Diversion programs and mental well-being evaluations are noteworthy aspects of European corrections. Diversion offers treatment and support rather than incarceration for some offenses, especially drug-related crimes. Similarly, mental health evaluations are employed to identify and address mental health issues that may have contributed to criminal behavior. These approaches align with the goal of rehabilitation and reducing recidivism rates.

Continuing to refine our approach to those entering the corrections system is the first step in transforming the U.S. corrections system. Drawing inspiration from countries like Norway and other successful European models, we can create correctional facilities prioritizing rehabilitation, mental well-being, and community integration. Key stakeholders, such as community-based organizations, nonprofits, churches, and criminal justice experts, must collaborate to make these essential changes. The focus on decriminalization, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and comprehensive rehabilitation programs will benefit those living and working within the corrections system; and contribute to a safer and more productive society. Such changes will pave the way for a more efficient and successful approach to corrections in the United States.